Within a problem of control of dynamic plants under uncertainty are considered both classical methods of the theory of systems with variable structure, and their modern development in the form of the theory of new types of feedback. The exact structure of feedback in control variable structure systems is clari¯ed. Existence of two types of feedback is revealed: one classical feedback by the general regulation error, and another, new type, the coordinate- to-operational feedback. Thus feedback is responsible for a set of positive dynamical properties for control variable structure systems. Also the perspective directions of further development of the theory of new types of feedback are considered. In particular, methods of simultaneous control by families of dynamic plants are considered are considered.

Increasingly popular cognitive mapping of ill-structured socio-economic, manufacturing and other systems and situations carries risks for validity of end results. The problem of validity of expert estimates on prescribed normalized universal scales is raised. The main factor of risk is supposed to be the conceptual vagueness of expert knowledge on ill-structured systems and situations and knowledge of theoretical models for their cognitive mapping. An approach to analysis of expert estimation validity of variable values in cognitive mapping is proposed. In the approach the model of conceptual interpretation of a prescribed universal scale for an estimated variable is proposed. The model of conceptual interpretation enables to refine the influence of conceptual vagueness onto the expert estimation validity. Some results of empirical testing of the proposed approach operability in cognitive mapping are presented.

Показано, что для эффективного управления предприятием дискретного типа с обратной связью по готовой продукции, необходимо использовать стратегию иерархии, совмещенную с контролем выполняемых технологических операций. Предложен математический аппарат, на основании которого создана система имитационного моделирования, позволяющая определять наиболее эффективные схемы управления дискретным производством с обратной связью.

Some problems of complex control in the fields connected with public life (i.e., socialeconomic, political and other fields) include semistructured control object. Situation appears semistructured if the basic parameters have qualitative (not quantitative) nature, and their values are subjective expert evaluations. Cognitive maps serve to solve control problems for semistructured situations. Cognitive map is a model representing knowledge of the expert (or a group of experts) regarding situation; this model is described in the form of weighted directed graph. The nodes of cognitive map correspond to those concepts being employed to describe the situation. The concept may be treated as a variable (for instance, “national defence capacity”) which may have different values, such as “high,” “low” and so on. Weighted arc is interpreted as direct cause-effect relationship between two concepts. Suppose several decision-makers (agents) take part in the process of decision making in an semistructured situation given t at the utility of each of them depends both on his self actions and the actions of the others, than interactions of the agents can be seen as a game on the cognitive map. In the game cognitive map represents a model of semistructured control object and clearly describe the dynamics of the situation. The use of cognitive maps in the game gives more detailed and visual modeling of the conflict environment in the form of simple causal links, so as to describe the goals and strategies of the agents in terms of the environment which makes it more convenient to model the real conflicts adequately. Since the input data for the model are expert evaluation prone to subjectiveness, it is necessary to estimate the tolerance of model results to errors in input data. Experts evaluate the “importance percentage” of a target concept compared the others target concepts and the weight of edges in cognitive map. The sign of edge weight indicates the type of the causal link and the value of edge weight indicates the strength of he causal link. In this paper we consider the problem of model tolerance to errors in input data and illustrate it on the material of conflict of interests between Russia and Norway in the Barents Sea.

Operation and emergency control including dispatching and automatic control procedures and devices that provide reliability and survivability of electric power system plays an important role in the control of operating conditions in the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia. This control system is rather developed and even now has elements of the Smart Grid ideology due to its current adaptability, optimality and intelligence. The authors present current operation and emergency control system in the UES of Russia and suggest a modern approach to monitoring, forecasting and control. Some advanced methods and tools for development of dispatching and automatic control in electric power system are discussed. This work was supported by the grant of Leading Scientific School of the Russian Federation #1507.2012.8.