The paper is devoted to the effective information spreading in random complex networks. Our objective is to elect leader nodes or communities of the network, which may spread the content among all nodes faster. We consider a well-known SPREAD algorithm by Mosk- Aoyama and Shah (2006), which provides the spreading and the growth of the node set possessing the information. Assuming that all nodes have asynchronous clocks, the next node is chosen uniformly among nodes of the network by the global clock tick according to a Poisson process. The extremal index measures the clustering tendency of high threshold exceedances. The node extremal index shows the ability to attract highly ranked nodes in the node orbit. Considering a closeness centrality as a measure of a node’s leadership, we find the relation between its extremal index and the minimal spreading time.

At present, information automated systems for finding technical solutions contain a module that allows calculating the values of requirements for synthesized models of the principle of operation to the design object, in an automatic mode. Traditionally, the values of these requirements are presented in the form of quantitative estimates. To extend the capabilities of information automated systems, it is proposed to use requirements whose values are represented as a linguistic variable that is considered given if all elements of the tuple are defined, including the name of the linguistic variable. This problem is complicated by the fact that for different types of representation of input quantities (qualitative - quantitative) as a result of the application of arithmetic and logical operations, the functions of the resulting fuzzy sets can be obtained, which are difficult to identify. The paper proposes a technique that allows the values of the membership function to be associated with their semantic meaning for the representation of the linguistic variable. To solve this problem, the neural network with adaptive resonance feature is used: to retain plasticity when memorizing new images, and at the same time to prevent the modification of old memory. It is shown that parallel computations of a neural network occur faster and do not increase with the increase in the number of effects models in the chain of the model of the operation principle of the design object. The developed information automated search system for technical solutions covering the tasks of calculating requirements, both with clear and linguistic values, is applied at the stage of search design of technical objects. The tasks that are considered at this stage relate to the tasks of TSIP (the Theory of solving inventive problems). The use of an automated system for searching technical solutions is aimed at supporting scientists and inventors to quickly find solutions to creative problems in the design of technical objects.

This book develops and describes a general methodology that can be applied to any complex human activity (activity with a non-trivial, multi-level internal structure). The structural components of complex activities are considered, and their logical, cause-and-effect, and process structures are functionally described. Considerable attention is paid to organization and management, uncertainties, and the lifecycles of activities, as well as the actors, subject matter, resources, knowledge, and methods involved. Several typical examples are used throughout the text to illustrate the implementation of common approaches involving the functioning of work groups, organizational units, projects, and organizations in general: a retail bank, an aircraft manufacturer, a fire department, and a nuclear power plant. In addition, the book employs a system of connected technical models, in order to ensure that the results are of practical applicability for both experts on the ground and scholars engaged in research on the general principles of how activities (practical, scientific, etc.) are organized or on the management of socio-technical systems.

The new types of photonic switching systems based on the newly developed fundamentally new 4x4-switching cell are presented. Using this cell instead well-known 2x2-switching cell allows us to significantly improve the characteristics of switching systems. The double-stage 16x16-switching system and 256x256-switching system are described in detail for the first time. The expressions for the numbers of stages and basic elements on the number of inputs for the developed schemes are obtained for the first time also. Numerical calculations and comparison with well-known schemes is carried out. В работе представлены новые типы фотонных коммутационных систем, основанные на принципиально новых 4х4 ячейках. Использование данных ячеек в отличие от известных 2х2 ячеек позволяет значительно улучшить характеристики коммутационных систем. Представлены модели 16х16 и 256х256 коммутационных систем. Приведены вычисления таких характеристик систем как сложность и число каскадов. Проведено сравнение характеристик предлагаемых коммутационных систем с известными схемами. В работе представлены новые типы фотонных коммутационных систем, основанные на принципиально новых 4х4 ячейках. Использование данных ячеек в отличие от известных 2х2 ячеек позволяет значительно улучшить характеристики коммутационных систем. Представлены модели 16х16 и 256х256 коммутационных систем. Приведены вычисления таких характеристик систем как сложность и число каскадов. Проведено сравнение характеристик предлагаемых коммутационных систем с известными схемами.

In this work the accurate analytical model for the wide class of four-dimensional linear deterministic dynamic systems with arbitrary piecewise constant parameters is presented for the first time. Here the fundamental solution system is found as the 4×44×4 block diagonal matrix with the 2×22×2 blocks at main diagonal. It is important that the solution is obtained without transformation into another basis. The presented model is valid if eigennumbers of initial differential equation systems are inverse in pair. The numerical example demonstrating the practical application of the developed model is also presented. В данной работе впервые представлена строгая аналитическая модель для широкого класса четырехмерных линейных детерминированных динамических систем с произвольными кусочно-постоянными параметрами. Здесь система фундаментального решения находится в виде блочной диагональной матрицы 4 × 4 с блоками 2 × 2 на главной диагонали. Важно, что решение получено без преобразования в другой базис. Представленная модель справедлива, если собственные числа исходных систем дифференциальных уравнений попарно обратны. Приведен численный пример, демонстрирующий практическое применение разработанной модели.