The paper considers key aspects of structural changes in the transport sector of the Russian Federation in the period from 2000 to 2018. The research is based on the latest update of the Inter-country Input-Output Tables (ICIO) while focusing on the international linkages and their impact on the Russian transport sector and their components. In general, the contribution of inter-country transport and logistics supply chains involving Russia to economic growth has markedly increased in the period under review. Also, the recent developments in the main transport sub-sectors have been characterized by significant heterogeneity. The author concludes that, by 2018, integration of the Russian transport sector into the GVCs has approached to an optimal level.