The task of searching for "bottlenecks" in the system of technological interactions is considered, allowing to determine which services, modifications, industries currently limit the growth of GPs (without them growth in other industries does not have an effect) and the effect that increased production could have on these critical industries. This problem uses the «input-output» model for the technological core of the economy, which includes the aggregate of products and services, types of economic activity, costs corresponding to these types and other costs, used by the State statistics of the Russian Federation in the formation of an intersectional balance in the system of national accounting. Methods are provided to calculate the costs of industries that are critical beyond the technology chain and to assess the effectiveness of new technologies. Examples of calculations on real Russia statistics are given.