The article, on the basis of the results of study of 2016, analyzes a comparative medical social effect of conjoint and separate residing of mother and child in the Children's Homes of the Penal Enforcement System. The materials of study consisted of original observations while working in the given system, data of reports of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia concerning medical care of women and children in 2011-2015 and data of address requests to the Children's homes under correctional facility in 2013 and 2015. The experience of functioning of the Children's homes of penitentiary system is summarized. The positive effect of conjoint keeping to indices of coverage with breast feeding is established. The coverage of natural and mixed feeding amounted to 65% in Children's Homes, including 83% in Children's Homes with conjoint residing of mother and child in Children's Homes and in other Children's Homes – 43% (p