The study bases on the use of both general theoretical and branch scientific provisions, and is supposed to reveal the content of the legal provision of the human right to protection of health in some of the post-Soviet countries. On the basis of international and domestic practice, attention is dragged to the problems of the formation and development of the health sector with the provision of high-quality and effective medical services to the population in the post-Soviet republics, from the collapse of the Soviet Union to the beginning of modern conceptual directions for improving health care, without violating the basic human and civil rights. It is argued that, despite the differences between some guarantees of the human right to health, enshrined in the constitutions of the post-Soviet republics, their strategic guidelines remain the willingness to provide a person with the highest level of medical care for his physical and mental condition.