Introduction. Problems of assessing the healthcare system effectiveness and medical organizations, in particular, are largely associated with the fact that most studies are based on the data approved according to the established procedure in forms of federal statistical observation that do not correspond to the regional characteristics of the medical care organization. Aim. To assess the effectiveness of personnel management in medical organizations of the Moscow healthcare system which provide primary health care to the adult population, directly involved in the provision of medical services, and the usage of generally accepted statistical indicators for this purpose. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of the effectiveness of personnel management in medical organizations of Moscow healthcare system, selected by typological sampling according to the given parameters, carried out in the context of the relevant groups of medical workers (doctors and nurses) in the following areas: number, composition, training level, movement, workload, etc. Results. Analyzing the effectiveness of personnel management, as the most important element of the resourceful basis in medical organizations, the authors considered the aspects connected with the formation of the staff directly involved in the provision of medical services in accordance with federal regulatory legal acts and regional requirements for primary health care organization. The results of the study confirm that under the circumstances of healthcare system decentralization, current forms of federal statistical observation do not correspond to the regional characteristics of the healthcare organization system and that deficiency of primary data from medical organizations excludes the possibility of forming long-term forecasts in a healthcare system of subjects of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The lack of uniform approaches governing the analysis and assessment of the effective resource management processes in medical organizations, the imperfection of existing statistical information for such purposes, and the importance of accounting for regional characteristics of the healthcare organization require searching for tools that can objectively assess the effectiveness of medical organizations, including the organizational specifics of medical care provision. © 2018 Slovenske Divadlo.