This paper addresses the problem of optimal siting,
sizing, and technology selection of Energy Storage System (ESS)
considering degradation arising from state of charge and Depth of
Discharge (DoD). The capacity lost irreversibly due to degradation
provides the optimizer with a more accurate and realistic view of
the capacity available throughout the asset’s entire lifetime as it
depends on the actual operating profiles and particular
degradation mechanisms. When taking into account the ESS’s
degradation, the optimization problem becomes nonconvex,
therefore no standard solver can guarantee the globally optimal
solution. To overcome this, the optimization problem has been
reformulated to a Mixed Integer Convex Programming (MICP)
problem by substituting continuous variables that cause
nonconvexity with discrete ones. The resulting MICP problem has
been solved using the Branch-and-Bound algorithm along with
convex programming, which performs an efficient search and
guarantees the globally optimal solution. We found that the
optimal battery use does not necesseraly correspond to it reaching
its End of Life state at the end of the service lifetime, which is the
result of nonlinear degradation mechanicms from both idling and
cycling. Finally, the proposed methodology allows formulating
computationally tractable stochastic optimization problem to
account for future network scenarios.