The article describes the problem of development of health care sphere as a component of social security of the country. The meaning of notions of social security is revealed on the basis of its components: economic, social, political. It is justified that the health care system is the main factor of development of human capital of the country. The analysis of structural changes in the sphere of health care, creation of socially oriented market integrated system of rendering medical aid is carried out. Proposed indicators characterizing the level of health care development that are structured on the principle of social, medical and economic efficiency of health care. The structure of the main threats to social security in the sphere of health care, economic and administrative, natural and ecological, has been studied.